{"id":5678,"date":"2026-08-19T19:14:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T19:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/?p=5678"},"modified":"2026-08-19T19:14:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T19:14:49","slug":"from-wearable-sensors-to-printed-placentas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/?p=5678","title":{"rendered":"From Wearable Sensors to Printed Placentas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Discoveries Magazine Logo<br \/>\nFrom Wearable Sensors to Printed Placentas<\/p>\n<p>Maternal and fetal health researchers team up with engineers to improve pregnancy outcomes<\/p><figcaption>Photos by Erik Jepsen<\/figcaption><h2>Story by:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Susanne Clara Bard\n<p>\t\t\t      &#8211;<br \/>\n\t\t\t      scbard@ucsd.edu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/research-giving-bug-mobile.jpg\" alt=\"Help us turn curiosity into progress: Support Research\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/research-giving-bug-desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Help us turn curiosity into progress: Support Research\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Discoveries2026-frontcover-scaled.png\" alt=\"Magazine cover with a glowing heart surrounded by circuit board.\"><br \/>\nExplore the 2026 IssueDiscoveries Magazine<\/p>\n<h2>Published Date<\/h2>\n<p>August 19, 2026<\/p>\n<h2>Story by:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Susanne Clara Bard\n<p>\t\t\t      &#8211;<br \/>\n\t\t\t      scbard@ucsd.edu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Explore the 2026 IssueDiscoveries Magazine<\/p>\n<h2>Article Content<\/h2>\n<p>This story is from the 2026 issue of Discoveries, a UC San Diego Health Sciences magazine<\/p>\n<p>As a first-timeparent-to-be, 30-year-old Sarah Cleveland wanted an unmedicated vaginal delivery but felt nervous about it. \u201cI don\u2019t know anyone who has given birth without medication,\u201d she said. \u201cI felt like I needed to do something to prepare.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Her anxiety was justified. Pelvic floor disorders stemming from lacerations and nerve damage during delivery are a little-known but painful reality for some birthing parents, often resulting in incontinence, chronic pain, pelvic organ prolapse and sexual dysfunction<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEven though they\u2019re not life\u2011threatening, these disorders are debilitating,\u201d saidLindsey Burnett, MD, PHD, assistant professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (OBGYN &amp; RS) in the Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery at UC San Diego School of Medicine and director of the Pelvic Health After Birth Program at UC San Diego Health. \u201cPelvic muscles get stretched to over 300% of their resting length during vaginal delivery; any other muscle in your body would be irreversibly damaged.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>According to Burnett, very little is known about the biology of pelvic floor disorders and how to prevent them, so she teamed up with Ken Loh, PHD, TaylorMade Golf Chancellor\u2019s Endowed Faculty Fellowship in Structural Engineering at UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, to investigate whether progressive weight\u2011bearing exercise can protect the pelvic floor. The researchers received a 2025 Galvanizing Engineering in Medicine award from the Institute of Engineering in Medicine for their Biomechanical Monitoring for Birth Injury Prevention pilot study.<\/p>\n<p>When Cleveland heard about it, she signed up right away<\/p>\n<p>Pelvic floor disorders, like many pregnancy\u2011related conditions, have historically received little research attention<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWomen\u2019s health care has traditionally been underfunded, but UC San Diego is leading innovation to ensure perinatal health gets the focus it deserves,\u201d said OBGYN &amp; RS department chair Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, MD, MS<\/p>\n<p>Burnett and Loh\u2019s study is one of several collaborations between UC San Diego OBGYN &amp; RS and engineering researchers using the power of technology to help bridge the knowledge gap<\/p>\n<h3>Stretching the limits<\/h3>\n<p>Knowing how detrimental pelvic floor disorders can be, Burnett worked out with weights throughout her own two pregnancies and gave birth with no tearing. She wondered whether weight-bearing exercise can have the same effect on other pregnant women<\/p>\n<p>\u201cData suggests exercise during pregnancy has many benefits,\u201d Burnett said. \u201cThe question is what kind of exercise is feasible, and how much do you need to make a difference?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Beginning in the second trimester, Cleveland and her fellow participants work out at a local gym three times a week for 6 weeks under the guidance of professional prenatal fitness trainers<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are a lot of stretches and weighted exercises aimed at strengthening our core and our pelvic floor,\u201d she said<\/p>\n<p>Loh\u2019s lab develops \u201csmart\u201d materials to accurately measure human performance in real time. For the study, his team created wearable sensors by printing nanomaterials directly onto commercial kinesiology tape, which adheres to the inner thigh, glutes and back to track muscle engagement during the exercise sessions<\/p><figcaption>Lindsey Burnett, MD, PhD (left), co-principal investigator of the Biomechanical Monitoring for Birth Injury Prevention study, leads participant Sarah Cleveland (right) in exercises to strengthen her pelvic floor. She is monitored by wearable sensors. Photo by Erik Jepsen<\/figcaption><p>The sensors, called Motion Tape, detect minute skin deformations that correlate with muscle contraction and exertion and transmit the data wirelessly to a phone app or laptop<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMotion Tape is extremely versatile and can be placed anywhere on the body, such as the chest region to measure breathing. We also use a camera\u2011based motion\u2011capture system to document the 3D movement of participants \u2014 data that can be used to optimize exercise regimens,\u201d said Loh<\/p>\n<p>The pilot study is following participants for 6 weeks postpartum, tracking cesarean versus vaginal delivery rates as well as the impact of the exercises on perineal tearing and pelvic floor strength<\/p>\n<p>Burnett and Loh hope to expand the study to more participants, with the ultimate goal of providing clinicians with data\u2011driven guidelines for effective prenatal exercise programs. If the sensor\u2011guided workouts prove effective, they can potentially reduce birth\u2011related injuries and empower patients such as Cleveland to approach childbirth with confidence<\/p>\n<h3>Injecting hope<\/h3>\n<p>While prevention is the ultimate goal, better treatments for pelvic floor injuries are also urgently needed<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are huge gaps in postpartum health research,\u201d said OBGYN &amp; RS ProfessorMarianna Alperin, MD. \u201cWe don\u2019t know how pelvic skeletal muscles recover from injury because almost all of the research is on male animals or leg muscles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Alperin co\u2011directs the UC San Diego Center for Women\u2019s Health Innovations through Scientific Discoveries, Engineering, and Medicine, a research hub that connects engineers, basic scientists and clinicians<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe institution is extremely conducive to collaborative efforts between engineers who make technology and clinicians who know what women need,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s what makes UC San Diego unique.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Alperin has collaborated with Pierre Galletti Endowed Chair for Bioengineering InnovationKaren Christman,PHD, to develop and test an injectable hydrogel made from muscle-tissue derived extracellular matrix (ECM) to repair the pelvic floor. The hydrogel is one of many biomaterials developed by Christman\u2019s research group. ECM is the 3D framework of proteins and carbohydrates that surrounds tissues and organs.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Remote monitoring offers a way to protect <a href=\"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/?p=5624\" title=\"Groundbreaking transplant brings new hope to families | Cardinal Glennon\">families<\/a> during those critical weeks at home.<\/blockquote><figcaption>\u2014 Ukachi Emeruwa, MD, MPH, assistant professor of OBGYN &amp; RS<\/figcaption><p>\u201cThe hydrogel acts as a scaffold that recruits the body\u2019s own cells and encourages new muscle formation,\u201d said Christman, who co-directs the Sanford Advanced Therapy Center at the Sanford Stem Cell Institute<\/p>\n<p>In an animal model of simulated birth injury, injecting the hydrogel directly into pelvic floor muscles promoted muscle regeneration and reduced scar tissue. The team plans to seek approval from the FDA to conduct rigorous clinical trials of the hydrogel in postpartum women who show signs of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction \u2014 potentially offering a minimally invasive alternative to surgery<\/p>\n<h3>Predicting preeclampsia<\/h3>\n<p>While pelvic floor injuries can be debilitating, preeclampsia \u2014 high blood pressure during or after pregnancy \u2014 is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, according to Assistant Professor of OBGYN &amp; RS Marni Jacobs, PHD \u201813<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPreeclampsia is a very severe complication of pregnancy,\u201d she said<\/p>\n<p>The condition currently affects up to one in 12 pregnancies in the U.S. but is on the rise. It can lead to preterm birth, stillbirth, maternal organ damage and long\u2011term cardiovascular disease. Complications and death due to preeclampsia can be prevented with better monitoring and treatment, but it remains <a href=\"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/?p=5646\" title=\"Queen admits it was &apos;difficult&apos; to keep King&apos;s cancer diagnosis a secret\">difficult<\/a> to diagnose and even harder to predict, Jacobs said<\/p>\n<p>Researchers in the School of Medicine\u2019s Division of Maternal and Fetal Health aim to change that through a variety of research initiatives. They\u2019re increasingly embracing emerging technologies, from wearable biometric monitors to 3D bioprinted models of the human placenta, to identify early signs of the disorder<\/p>\n<h3>An early warning system<\/h3>\n<p>To improve the detection of postpartum preeclampsia and other cardiovascular complications, Assistant Professor of OBGYN &amp; RSUkachi Emeruwa, MD, MPH, launched the WATCH Postpartum Hypertension study, a clinical trial that sends new parents home with a smartwatch equipped with an inflatable blood pressure cuff<\/p>\n<p>With a single press of a button, the cuff inflates, captures a blood pressure reading and automatically transmits the data to the patient\u2019s electronic medical record. Participants take eight readings a day for 6 weeks to detect the large fluctuations characteristic of postpartum cardiovascular complications and enable rapid intervention if needed<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRemote monitoring offers a way to protect families during those critical weeks at home,\u201d she said, noting that it also helps overcome barriers to care, such as transportation, <a href=\"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/?p=5643\" title=\"What is the Child Care Modernization Act?\">child care<\/a> and time off work \u2014 issues that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations<\/p>\n<p>Participants have found the watch easy to use and have felt safer and more connected to their care team, capturing more early postpartum readings than those receiving standard care. The trial is closely aligned with the Multi-Omics for Maternal Health After Preeclampsia (MOM-Health) study, which tracks 750 pregnant women from mid\u2011pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. It is looking for molecular signatures \u2014 proteins and other molecules in blood, urine and placental tissues \u2014 that may predict preeclampsia. As in Emeruwa\u2019s study, MOM-Health participants monitor their blood pressure at home, with readings automatically uploaded to their medical records.<\/p><figcaption>Clinical research assistant Maya Deak puts the finishing touches on nanomaterial-based wearable sensors for the Biomechanical Monitoring for Birth Injury Prevention study. Photo by Erik Jepsen<\/figcaption><p>\u201cWe want to know who is at risk so we can monitor them better,\u201d said Jacobs, MOM\u2011Health\u2019s co\u2011principal investigator<\/p>\n<p>The MOM\u2011Health team is now collaborating withBenjamin Smarr,PHD, associate professor of bioengineering and data science, to integrate wearable technology into the study. Smarr thinks wearables are reshaping pregnancy monitoring<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat\u2019s changing is our ability to capture all of the moments between clinic visits,\u201d he said. \u201cWe can start to see where there are differences in pregnancies that are having complications early on.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Smarr and fellow bioengineer Drew Hall, PHD, envision future wearables and related tech that can detect molecular biomarkers in addition to vital signs, such as blood pressure<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a real opportunity here to bring tests out of the lab and closer to the patient,\u201d said Hall, a professor of electrical and computer engineering<\/p>\n<p>Hall works with Professor of OBGYN &amp; RSLouise Laurent, MD, PHD, co-principal investigator of the MOM-Health study and co\u2011director of the Center for OB\/GYN Research Innovation (CORI), to miniaturize biochemical assays for pregnancy monitoring. These may deliver results within minutes, unlike traditional tests that take days and require large, expensive equipment<\/p>\n<p>Their team developed magnetic biosensors that detect abnormal protein ratios in pregnant patients\u2019 blood linked to preterm birth. They are currently working on a biosensor that detects biomarkers for fetal hypoxia risk (insufficient oxygen) during labor, potentially making delivery safer for babies<\/p>\n<p>Related technology may also detect early signs of preeclampsia by analyzing extracellular vesicles (EVs), tiny circulating particles that carry RNA and proteins<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is evidence that EVs mediate communication between the mom and the baby during pregnancy, and the placenta is a rich<\/p>\n<h3>Modeling the placenta<\/h3>\n<p>Because the placenta plays a central role in preeclampsia but is inaccessible during pregnancy, Laurent collaborated with Shaochen Chen, PHD, chemical and nano engineering professor and Zable Endowed Chair in NanoEngineering Technologies, to create a functional 3D-printed model of the human placenta<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m always excited to apply our technologies to different medical issues,\u201d said Chen, one of 3D bioprinting\u2019s original trailblazers<\/p>\n<p>The placenta-on-a-chip uses living cells printed on a hydrogel scaffold to simulate nutrient, hormone and molecular exchange between parent and fetus. Two stacked chambers separated by a porous membrane allow researchers to track which molecules cross, how quickly they move and how fetal cells respond<\/p>\n<p>The model has the potential to clarify how preeclampsia and related disorders disrupt placental function<\/p>\n<p>In related research, Assistant Professor of OBGYN &amp; RSPriya Pantham, PHD, co-leader of CORI\u2019s Science and Technology Hub, uses a commercial organ\u2011on\u2011a\u2011chip platform to understand how preeclamptic placentas harm maternal organs, including the kidneys<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKidney injury is a feature of severe preeclampsia,\u201d said Pantham. \u201cAnd the kidneys play a major role in the control of blood pressure and hypertension.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Her team has shown that placental EVs from severe preeclamptic pregnancies can trigger inflammation and immune activation in kidney cells, suggesting that placental signals directly contribute to organ damage<\/p>\n<p>The researchers recently received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to manipulate EV-associated RNAs to understand how they alter gene expression in the kidney chips \u2014 work that could pave the way for RNA\u2011based therapies. Pantham also aims to establish a UC San Diego organ\u2011on\u2011a\u2011chip infrastructure to support maternal and fetal health research across campus<\/p>\n<h2>Share This:<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maternal and fetal health researchers team up with engineers to improve pregnancy outcomes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[37,1085,1084,1083,1082],"class_list":["post-5678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pregnancy","tag-from","tag-placentas","tag-printed","tag-sensors","tag-wearable"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5678"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5682,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5678\/revisions\/5682"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lumeamara.online\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}